Bidirectional Amplifier or Node Supporting Out-of-Band Signaling

ABSTRACT

An apparatus comprising a bidirectional amplifier or node supporting out-of-band signaling may be provided. The apparatus may comprise a first diplexer, a second diplexer, an upstream reverse amplifier, and a downstream Out-of-Band (OOB) amplifier. The first diplexer may comprise a first diplexer band-stop filter and a first diplexer band-pass filter. The first diplexer band-stop filter may be connected between a first diplexer first port and a first diplexer second port. The first diplexer band-pass filter may be connected between the first diplexer first port and a first diplexer third port. The second diplexer may comprise a second diplexer band-stop filter and a second diplexer band-pass filter. The second diplexer band-stop filter may be connected between a second diplexer first port and a second diplexer second port. The second diplexer band-pass filter may be connected between the second diplexer first port and a second diplexer third port.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of and claims priority to U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/212,336, filed Jul. 18, 2016, the disclosure ofwhich is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to downstream signaling.

BACKGROUND

Cable television is a system of delivering television programming topaying subscribers via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted throughcoaxial cables or light pulses through fiber-optic cables. Thiscontrasts with broadcast television, in which the television signal istransmitted over the air by radio waves and received by a televisionantenna attached to the television. FM radio programming, high-speedInternet, telephone service, and similar non-television services mayalso be provided through these cables.

In the most common system, multiple television channels are distributedto subscriber residences through a coaxial cable, which comes from atrunkline supported on utility poles originating at the cable company'slocal distribution facility, called the headend. Many channels can betransmitted through one coaxial cable by a technique called frequencydivision multiplexing. At the headend, each television channel istranslated to a different frequency. By giving each channel a differentfrequency “slot” on the cable, the separate television signals do notinterfere. At the subscriber's residence, either the subscriber'stelevision or a set-top box (e.g. provided by the cable company)translates the desired channel back to its original frequency (i.e.baseband) and it is displayed on-screen.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute apart of this disclosure, illustrate various embodiments of the presentdisclosure. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a frequency plan;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an apparatus comprising an amplifier; and

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an apparatus comprising a node;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an apparatus comprising an amplifier; and

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an apparatus comprising a node.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Overview

An apparatus comprising a bidirectional amplifier or node supportingout-of-band signaling may be provided. The apparatus may comprise afirst diplexer, a second diplexer, an upstream reverse amplifier, and adownstream Out-of-Band (OOB) amplifier. The first diplexer may comprisea first diplexer band-stop filter and a first diplexer band-pass filter.The first diplexer band-stop filter may be connected between a firstdiplexer first port and a first diplexer second port. The first diplexerband-pass filter may be connected between the first diplexer first portand a first diplexer third port. The second diplexer may comprise asecond diplexer band-stop filter and a second diplexer band-pass filter.The second diplexer band-stop filter may be connected between a seconddiplexer first port and a second diplexer second port. The seconddiplexer band-pass filter may be connected between the second diplexerfirst port and a second diplexer third port. The upstream reverseamplifier may amplify signals from the first diplexer second port to thesecond diplexer second port. The downstream OOB amplifier may amplifysignals from the second diplexer third port to the first diplexer thirdport.

Both the foregoing overview and the following example embodiment areexamples and explanatory only, and should not be considered to restrictthe disclosure's scope, as described and claimed. Further, featuresand/or variations may be provided in addition to those set forth herein.For example, embodiments of the disclosure may be directed to variousfeature combinations and sub-combinations described in the exampleembodiment.

Example Embodiments

The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings.Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used in the drawingsand the following description to refer to the same or similar elements.While embodiments of the disclosure may be described, modifications,adaptations, and other implementations are possible. For example,substitutions, additions, or modifications may be made to the elementsillustrated in the drawings, and the methods described herein may bemodified by substituting, reordering, or adding stages to the disclosedmethods. Accordingly, the following detailed description does not limitthe disclosure. Instead, the proper scope of the disclosure is definedby the appended claims.

Embodiments of the disclosure may provide a bidirectional device (e.g.amplifier or node) comprising a filtering topology that may supportout-of-band signaling. This filtering topology may create an out-of-bandsegment that may be used to pass out-of-band signals used in set-topboxes. The out-of-band segment may be created by adding a second set ofband-pass/band-stop filters to conventional reverse amplifier modules asdescribed below consistent with embodiments of the disclosure.Embodiments of the disclosure may not require modifications toconventional forward amplifier modules. Conventional reverse amplifiermodules may be modified, consistent with embodiments of the disclosure,to add additional functionality to pass the aforementioned out-of-bandsignals. Extending the upstream bandwidth in this manner may provide asubstantial increase in upstream data throughput while still supporting,for example, millions of set-top boxes currently deployed.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a frequency plan 100 in accordance withembodiments of the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, frequency plan 100may comprise a downstream frequency band 105 and an upstream frequencyband 110. Downstream frequency band 105 and upstream frequency band 110may increase in frequency from left to right in FIG. 1. Downstreamfrequency band 105 may comprise a first downstream frequency bandportion 115 (i.e. out-of-band segment) and a second downstream frequencyband portion 120. Upstream frequency band 110 may comprise a firstupstream frequency band portion 125 and a second upstream frequency bandportion 130. First upstream frequency band portion 125 may have an upperlimit of a first frequency 135 and second upstream frequency bandportion 130 may have a lower limit of a second frequency 140.

First downstream frequency band portion 115 may reside in the frequencyspectrum between first upstream frequency band portion 125 and secondupstream frequency band portion 130. First downstream frequency bandportion 115 may have a lower limit of a third frequency 145 and an upperlimit of a fourth frequency 150. Second upstream frequency band portion130 may have an upper limit of a fifth frequency 155. Second downstreamfrequency band portion 120 may have a lower limit of a sixth frequency160 and an upper limit of a seventh frequency 165. First upstreamfrequency band portion 125 may have a lower limit of an eighth frequency170.

Consistent with embodiments of the disclosure, first frequency 135 maybe less than third frequency 145, fourth frequency 150, second frequency140, fifth frequency 155, and sixth frequency 160. Third frequency 145may be greater than first frequency 135, but less than fourth frequency150, second frequency 140, fifth frequency 155, and sixth frequency 160.Fourth frequency 150 may be greater than first frequency 135 and thirdfrequency 145, but less than second frequency 140, fifth frequency 155,and sixth frequency 160. Second frequency 140 may be greater than firstfrequency 135, third frequency 145, and fourth frequency 150, but lessthan fifth frequency 155 and sixth frequency 160. Fifth frequency 155may be greater than first frequency 135, third frequency 145, fourthfrequency 150, and second frequency 140, but less than sixth frequency160. And sixth frequency 160 may be greater than first frequency 135,third frequency 145, fourth frequency 150, second frequency 140, andfifth frequency 155.

Consistent with embodiments of the disclosure, first frequency 135 maycomprise 60 MHz, second frequency 140 may comprise 140 MHz, thirdfrequency 145 may comprise 70 MHz, fourth frequency 150 may comprise 130MHz, fifth frequency 155 may comprise 204 MHz, and sixth frequency 160may comprise 258 MHz. Furthermore, consistent with embodiments of thedisclosure, the first frequency may comprise 64 MHz, second frequency140 may comprise 84 MHz, third frequency 145 may comprise 72 MHz, fourthfrequency 150 may comprise 76 MHz, fifth frequency 155 may comprise 204MHz, and sixth frequency 160 may comprise 258 MHz.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an amplifier 200. As shown in FIG. 2,amplifier 200 may comprise a first diplexer 202, a second diplexer 204,a third diplexer 206, a fourth diplexer 208, an upstream reverseamplifier 210, a downstream forward amplifier 212, and a downstreamOut-of-Band (OOB) amplifier 214. First diplexer 202 may comprise a firstdiplexer first port 216, a first diplexer second port 218, a firstdiplexer third port 220, a first diplexer band-stop filter 222, and afirst diplexer band-pass filter 224. Second diplexer 204 may comprise asecond diplexer first port 226, a second diplexer second port 228, asecond diplexer third port 230, a second diplexer band-stop filter 232,and a second diplexer band-pass filter 234. Third diplexer 206 maycomprise a third diplexer first port 236, a third diplexer second port238, a third diplexer third port 240, a third diplexer low-pass filter242, and a third diplexer high-pass filter 244. Fourth diplexer 208 maycomprise a fourth diplexer first port 246, a fourth diplexer second port248, a fourth diplexer third port 250, a fourth diplexer low-pass filter252, and a fourth diplexer high-pass filter 254.

A diplexer may comprise a passive device that may implementfrequency-domain multiplexing. Two ports (e.g. the second port and thethird port) may be multiplexed onto another port (e.g. the first port).The signals on the second port and the third port may occupy disjointfrequency bands. Consequently, the signals on the second port and thethird port may coexist on the first port without interfering with eachother.

First diplexer band-stop filter 222 may attenuate signals withfrequencies between greater than and equal to first frequency 135 andless than and equal to second frequency 140. First diplexer band-stopfilter 222 may be connected between first diplexer first port 216 andfirst diplexer second port 218. First diplexer band-pass filter 224 maypass signals with frequencies between greater than and equal to thirdfrequency 145 and less than and equal to fourth frequency 150. Firstdiplexer band-pass filter may be connected between first diplexer firstport 216 and first diplexer third port 220.

Second diplexer band-stop filter 232 may attenuate signals withfrequencies between greater than and equal to first frequency 135 andless than and equal to second frequency 140. Second diplexer band-stopfilter 232 may be connected between second diplexer first port 226 andsecond diplexer second port 228. Second diplexer band-pass filter 234may pass signals with frequencies between greater than and equal tothird frequency 145 and less than and equal to fourth frequency 150.Second diplexer band-pass filter 234 may be connected between seconddiplexer first port 226 and second diplexer third port 230.

Upstream reverse amplifier 210 may amplify signals from first diplexersecond port 218 to second diplexer second port 228. Upstream reverseamplifier 210 may be connected between first diplexer second port 218and second diplexer second port 228. Downstream Out-of-Band (OOB)amplifier 214 may amplify signals from second diplexer third port 230 tofirst diplexer third port 220. Downstream OOB amplifier 214 may beconnected between second diplexer third port 230 and first diplexerthird port 220.

Third diplexer low-pass filter 242 may pass signals with frequenciesequal to and lower than fifth frequency 155. Third diplexer low-passfilter 242 may be connected between third diplexer first port 236 andthird diplexer second port 238. Third diplexer high-pass filter may 244may pass signals with frequencies equal to and greater than sixthfrequency 160. Third diplexer high-pass filter 244 may be connectedbetween third diplexer first port 236 and third diplexer third port 240.First diplexer first port 216 may be connected to third diplexer secondport 238. Third diplexer first port 236 may be connected to customerpremises equipment (CPE), for example, through a coaxial cable.

CPE may comprise, for example, any terminal and associated equipmentlocated at a subscriber's premises and connected with a carrier'stelecommunication channel at a demarcation point. The demarcation pointmay be established in a building or complex to separate customerequipment from the equipment located in either the distributioninfrastructure or central office of the communications service provider.CPE may comprise, but is not limited to, devices such as telephones,televisions, routers, switches, residential gateways (RG), set-topboxes, fixed mobile convergence products, home networking adapters andInternet access gateways that may enable consumers to accesscommunications service providers' services and distribute them aroundtheir house via a local area network (LAN) for example.

Fourth diplexer low-pass filter 252 may pass signals with frequenciesequal to and lower than fifth frequency 155. Fourth diplexer low-passfilter 252 may be connected between fourth diplexer first port 246 andfourth diplexer second port 248. Fourth diplexer high-pass filter 254may pass signals with frequencies equal to and greater than sixthfrequency 160. Fourth diplexer high-pass filter 254 may be connectedbetween fourth diplexer first port 246 and the fourth diplexer thirdport 250. Second diplexer first port 226 may be connected to fourthdiplexer second port 248. Fourth diplexer first port 246 may beconnected to a headend, for example, through a coaxial cable. Downstreamforward amplifier 212 may amplify signals from fourth diplexer thirdport 250 to third diplexer third port 240. Downstream forward amplifier212 may be connected between fourth diplexer third port 250 and thirddiplexer third port 240.

The headend may comprise, but is not limited to, a master facility forreceiving television signals for processing and distribution over, forexample, a cable television system. The headend may be unstaffed and maybe surrounded by some type of security fencing and may be a building orlarge shed housing electronic equipment used to receive and re-transmitvideo over a local cable infrastructure.

The headend may transmit downstream signals into fourth diplexer firstport 246. The combination of fourth diplexer high-pass filter 254,downstream forward amplifier 212, and third diplexer high-pass filter244 may insure that signals equal to and above sixth frequency 160 (e.g.in second downstream frequency band portion 120) may be transmitteddownstream through amplifier 200 from the headend to the CPE. Thecombination of fourth diplexer low-pass filter 252, second diplexerband-pass filter 234, downstream OOB amplifier 214, first diplexerband-pass filter 224, and third diplexer low-pass filter 242, may insurethat signals between third frequency 145 and fourth frequency 150inclusively (e.g. in first downstream frequency band portion 115) may betransmitted downstream through amplifier 200 from the headend to theCPE.

Similarly CPE may transmit upstream signals into third diplexer firstport 236. The combination of third diplexer low-pass filter 242, firstdiplexer band-stop filter 222, upstream reverse amplifier 210, seconddiplexer band-stop filter 232, and fourth diplexer low-pass filter 252may insure that signals between eighth frequency 170 and first frequency135 inclusively (e.g. in first upstream frequency band portion 125) andsignals between second frequency 140 and fifth frequency 155 inclusively(e.g. in second upstream frequency band portion 130) may be transmittedupstream through amplifier 200 from the CPE to the headend.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a node 300. With node 300, signals may bereceives from the headend via fiber optic cable rather than via coaxialcable for example. As shown in FIG. 3, node 300 may comprise a firstdiplexer 302, a filter pair 304, a second diplexer 306, an upstreamfiber transmitter 308, a downstream fiber receiver 310, an upstreamreverse amplifier 312, a downstream forward amplifier 314, and adownstream OOB amplifier 316. First diplexer 302 may comprise a firstdiplexer first port 318, a first diplexer second port 320, a firstdiplexer third port 322, a first diplexer band-stop filter 324, and afirst diplexer band-pass filter 326. Filter pair 304 may comprise afilter pair first port 328, a filter pair second port 330, a filter pairthird port 332, a filter pair fourth port 334, a filter pair band-stopfilter 336, and a filter pair band-pass filter 338. Second diplexer 306may comprise a second diplexer first port 340, a second diplexer secondport 342, a second diplexer third port 344, a second diplexer low-passfilter 346, and a second diplexer high-pass filter 348. Upstream fibertransmitter 308 may comprise an upstream fiber transmitter first port350 and an upstream fiber transmitter second port 352. Downstream fiberreceiver 310 may comprise a downstream fiber receiver first port 354 anda downstream fiber receiver second port 356.

Upstream fiber transmitter 308 may receive an electrical signal onupstream fiber transmitter second port 352. Upstream fiber transmitter308 may convert the received electrical signal into a correspondingoptical signal. Upstream fiber transmitter 308 may then transmit theoptical signal out at upstream fiber transmitter first port 350.Downstream fiber receiver 310 may receive an optical signal ondownstream fiber receiver first port 354. Downstream fiber receiver 310may convert the received optical signal into a corresponding electricalsignal. Downstream fiber receiver 310 may then transmit the electricalsignal out at downstream fiber receiver second port 356.

First diplexer band-stop filter 324 may attenuate signals withfrequencies between greater than and equal to first frequency 135 andless than and equal to second frequency 140. First diplexer band-stopfilter 324 may be connected between first diplexer first port 318 andfirst diplexer second port 320. First diplexer band-pass filter 326 maypasses signals with frequencies between greater than and equal to thirdfrequency 145 and less than and equal to fourth frequency 150. Firstdiplexer band-pass filter 326 may be connected between first diplexerfirst port 318 and first diplexer third port 322.

Filter pair band-stop filter 336 may attenuate signals with frequenciesbetween greater than and equal to first frequency 135 and less than andequal to second frequency 140. Filter pair band-stop filter 336 may beconnected between filter pair first port 328 and filter pair second port330. Filter pair band-pass filter 338 may pass signals with frequenciesbetween greater than and equal to third frequency 145 and less than andequal to fourth frequency 150. Filter pair band-pass filter 338 may beconnected between filter pair third port 332 and filter pair fourth port334.

Upstream reverse amplifier 312 may amplify signals from first diplexersecond port 320 to filter pair second port 330. Upstream reverseamplifier 312 may be connected between first diplexer second port 320and filter pair second port 330. Downstream OOB amplifier 316 mayamplify signals from filter pair fourth port 334 to first diplexer thirdport 322. Downstream OOB amplifier 316 may be connected between filterpair fourth port 334 and first diplexer third port 322.

Second diplexer low-pass filter 346 may pass signals with frequenciesequal to and lower than fifth frequency 155. Second diplexer low-passfilter 346 may be connected between second diplexer first port 340 andsecond diplexer second port 342. Second diplexer high-pass filter 348may pass signals with frequencies equal to and greater than sixthfrequency 160. Second diplexer high-pass filter 348 may be connectedbetween second diplexer first port 340 and second diplexer third port344. First diplexer first port 318 may be connected to second diplexersecond port 342. Second diplexer first port 340 may be connected to CPE.The CPE may comprise similar type CPE devices as described above withrespect to FIG. 2.

Downstream forward amplifier 314 may amplify signals from downstreamfiber receiver second port 356 to second diplexer third port 344.Downstream forward amplifier 314 may be connected between seconddiplexer third port 344 and downstream fiber receiver second port 356.Downstream fiber receiver second port 356 may be connected to filterpair third port 332. Upstream fiber transmitter second port 352 may beconnected to filter pair first port 328. Upstream fiber transmitterfirst port 350 may be connected to the headend and downstream fiberreceiver first port 354 may be connected to the headend. The headend maycomprise similar type headend devices as described above with respect toFIG. 2.

The headend may transmit downstream signals into downstream fiberreceiver first port 354. The combination of downstream fiber receiver310, downstream forward amplifier 314, and second diplexer high-passfilter 348 may insure that signals equal to and above sixth frequency160 (e.g. in second downstream frequency band portion 120) may betransmitted downstream through node 300 from the headend to the CPE. Thecombination of downstream fiber receiver 310, filter pair band-passfilter 338, downstream OOB amplifier 316, first diplexer band-passfilter 326, and second diplexer low-pass filter 346, may insure thatsignals between third frequency 145 and fourth frequency 150 inclusively(e.g. in first downstream frequency band portion 115) may be transmitteddownstream through amplifier 200 from the headend to the CPE.

Similarly CPE may transmit upstream signals into second diplexer firstport 340. The combination of second diplexer low-pass filter 346, firstdiplexer band-stop filter 324, upstream reverse amplifier 312, filterpair band-stop filter 336, and upstream fiber transmitter 308 may insurethat signals between eighth frequency 170 and first frequency 135inclusively (e.g. in first upstream frequency band portion 125) andsignals between second frequency 140 and fifth frequency 155 inclusively(e.g. in second upstream frequency band portion 130) may be transmittedupstream through amplifier 200 from the CPE to the headend.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an amplifier 400. As shown in FIG. 4,amplifier 400 may comprise a first complex diplexer 402, a secondcomplex diplexer 404, an upstream reverse amplifier 406, and adownstream and OOB forward amplifier 408. First complex diplexer 402 maycomprise a first complex diplexer first port 410, a first complexdiplexer second port 412, a first complex diplexer third port 414, afirst complex diplexer low-pass band-stop filter 416, and a firstcomplex diplexer high-pass band-pass filter 418. Second complex diplexer404 may comprise a second complex diplexer first port 420, a secondcomplex diplexer second port 422, a second complex diplexer third port424, a second complex diplexer low-pass band-stop filter 426, and asecond complex diplexer high-pass band-pass filter 428.

First complex diplexer low-pass band-stop filter 416 may be connectedbetween first complex diplexer first port 410 and first complex diplexersecond port 412. First complex diplexer low-pass band-stop filter 416may pass signals with frequencies equal to and lower than fifthfrequency 155 while attenuating signals with frequencies between greaterthan and equal to first frequency 135 and less than and equal to secondfrequency 140.

First complex diplexer high-pass band-pass filter 418 may be connectedbetween first complex diplexer first port 410 and first complex diplexerthird port 414. First complex diplexer high-pass band-pass filter 418may pass signals with frequencies between greater than and equal tothird frequency 145 and less than and equal to fourth frequency 150.Also, first complex diplexer high-pass band-pass filter 418 may passsignals with frequencies equal to and greater than sixth frequency 160.

Second complex diplexer low-pass band-stop filter 426 may be connectedbetween second complex diplexer first port 420 and second complexdiplexer second port 422. Second complex diplexer low-pass band-stopfilter 426 may pass signals with frequencies equal to and lower thanfifth frequency 155 while attenuating signals with frequencies betweengreater than and equal to first frequency 135 and less than and equal tosecond frequency 140.

Second complex diplexer high-pass band-pass filter 428 may be connectedbetween second complex diplexer first port 420 and second complexdiplexer third port 424. Second complex diplexer high-pass band-passfilter 428 may pass signals with frequencies between greater than andequal to third frequency 145 and less than and equal to fourth frequency150. In addition, second complex diplexer high-pass band-pass filter 428may pass signals with frequencies equal to and greater than sixthfrequency 160.

Upstream reverse amplifier 406 may amplify signals from first complexdiplexer second port 412 to second complex diplexer second port 422.Upstream reverse amplifier 406 may be connected between first complexdiplexer second port 412 and second complex diplexer second port 422.Downstream and DSOOB forward amplifier 408 may amplify signals fromsecond complex diplexer third port 424 to first complex diplexer thirdport 414. Downstream and DSOOB forward amplifier 408 may be connectedbetween second complex diplexer third port 424 and first complexdiplexer third port 414. The CPE may comprise similar type CPE devicesas described above with respect to FIG. 2. The headend may comprisesimilar type headend devices as described above with respect to FIG. 2.

The headend may transmit downstream signals into second complex diplexerfirst port 420. The combination of second complex diplexer high-passband-pass filter 428, downstream and OOB forward amplifier 408, andfirst complex diplexer high-pass band-pass filter 418 may insure that:i) signals equal to and above sixth frequency 160 (e.g. in seconddownstream frequency band portion 120); and ii) signals between thirdfrequency 145 and fourth frequency 150 inclusively (e.g. in firstdownstream frequency band portion 115) may be transmitted downstreamthrough amplifier 400 from the headend to the CPE.

Similarly CPE may transmit upstream signals into first complex diplexerfirst port 410. The combination of first complex diplexer low-passband-stop filter 416, upstream reverse amplifier 406, and second complexdiplexer low-pass band-stop filter 426 may insure that: i) signalsbetween eighth frequency 170 and first frequency 135 inclusively (e.g.in first upstream frequency band portion 125); and ii) signals betweensecond frequency 140 and fifth frequency 155 inclusively (e.g. in secondupstream frequency band portion 130) may be transmitted upstream throughamplifier 400 from the CPE to the headend.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a node 500. With node 500, signals may bereceives from the headend via fiber optic cable rather than via coaxialcable for example. As shown in FIG. 5, node 500 may comprise a complexdiplexer 502, an upstream fiber transmitter 504, a downstream fiberreceiver 506, an upstream reverse amplifier 508, and a downstream andOOB forward amplifier 510. Complex diplexer 502 may comprise a complexdiplexer first port 512, a complex diplexer second port 514, a complexdiplexer third port 516, complex diplexer low-pass band-stop filter 518,and a complex diplexer high-pass band-pass filter 520. Upstream fibertransmitter 504 may comprise an upstream fiber transmitter first port522 and an upstream fiber transmitter second port 524. Downstream fiberreceiver 506 may comprise a downstream fiber receiver first port 526 anda downstream fiber receiver second port 528.

Complex diplexer low-pass band-stop filter 518 may be connected betweencomplex diplexer first port 512 and complex diplexer second port 514.Complex diplexer low-pass band-stop filter 518 may pass signals withfrequencies equal to and lower than fifth frequency 155 whileattenuating signals with frequencies between greater than and equal tofirst frequency 135 and less than and equal to second frequency 140.

Complex diplexer high-pass band-pass filter 520 may be connected betweencomplex diplexer first port 512 and complex diplexer third port 516.Complex diplexer high-pass band-pass filter 520 may pass signals withfrequencies between greater than and equal to third frequency 145 andless than and equal to fourth frequency 150. Also, complex diplexerhigh-pass band-pass filter 520 may pass signals with frequencies equalto and greater than sixth frequency 160.

Upstream fiber transmitter 504 may receive an electrical signal onupstream fiber transmitter second port 524. Upstream fiber transmitter504 may convert the received electrical signal into a correspondingoptical signal. Upstream fiber transmitter 504 may then transmit theoptical signal out at upstream fiber transmitter first port 522.Downstream fiber receiver 506 may receive an optical signal ondownstream fiber receiver first port 526. Downstream fiber receiver 506may convert the received optical signal into a corresponding electricalsignal. Downstream fiber receiver 506 may then transmit the electricalsignal out at downstream fiber receiver second port 528.

Upstream reverse amplifier 508 may amplify signals from complex diplexersecond port 514 to upstream fiber transmitter second port 524. Upstreamreverse amplifier 508 may be connected between complex diplexer secondport 514 and upstream fiber transmitter second port 524. Downstream andDSOOB forward amplifier 510 may amplify signals from downstream fiberreceiver second port 528 to complex diplexer third port 516. Downstreamand DSOOB forward amplifier 510 may be connected between downstreamfiber receiver second port 528 and complex diplexer third port 516. TheCPE may comprise similar type CPE devices as described above withrespect to FIG. 2. The headend may comprise similar type headend devicesas described above with respect to FIG. 2.

The headend may transmit downstream signals into downstream fiberreceiver first port 526. The combination of downstream and OOB forwardamplifier 510 and complex diplexer high-pass band-pass filter 520 mayinsure that: i) signals equal to and above sixth frequency 160 (e.g. insecond downstream frequency band portion 120); and ii) signals betweenthird frequency 145 and fourth frequency 150 inclusively (e.g. in firstdownstream frequency band portion 115) may be transmitted downstreamthrough node 500 from the headend to the CPE.

Similarly CPE may transmit upstream signals into complex diplexer firstport 512. The combination of complex diplexer low-pass band-stop filter518 and upstream reverse amplifier 508 may insure that: i) signalsbetween eighth frequency 170 and first frequency 135 inclusively (e.g.in first upstream frequency band portion 125); and ii) signals betweensecond frequency 140 and fifth frequency 155 inclusively (e.g. in secondupstream frequency band portion 130) may be transmitted upstream throughamplifier 500 from the CPE to the headend.

Embodiments of the disclosure, for example, may be implemented as acomputer process (method), a computing system, or as an article ofmanufacture, such as a computer program product or computer readablemedia. The computer program product may be a computer storage mediareadable by a computer system and encoding a computer program ofinstructions for executing a computer process. The computer programproduct may also be a propagated signal on a carrier readable by acomputing system and encoding a computer program of instructions forexecuting a computer process. Accordingly, the present disclosure may beembodied in hardware and/or in software (including firmware, residentsoftware, micro-code, etc.). In other words, embodiments of the presentdisclosure may take the form of a computer program product on acomputer-usable or computer-readable storage medium havingcomputer-usable or computer-readable program code embodied in the mediumfor use by or in connection with an instruction execution system. Acomputer-usable or computer-readable medium may be any medium that cancontain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for useby or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, ordevice.

The computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be, for example butnot limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic,infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagationmedium. More specific computer-readable medium examples (anon-exhaustive list), the computer-readable medium may include thefollowing: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portablecomputer diskette, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory(ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flashmemory), an optical fiber, and a portable compact disc read-only memory(CD-ROM). Note that the computer-usable or computer-readable mediumcould even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program isprinted, as the program can be electronically captured, via, forinstance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled,interpreted, or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary,and then stored in a computer memory.

While certain embodiments of the disclosure have been described, otherembodiments may exist. Furthermore, although embodiments of the presentdisclosure have been described as being associated with data stored inmemory and other storage mediums, data can also be stored on or readfrom other types of computer-readable media, such as secondary storagedevices, like hard disks, floppy disks, or a CD-ROM, a carrier wave fromthe Internet, or other forms of RAM or ROM. Moreover, the semantic dataconsistent with embodiments of the disclosure may be analyzed withoutbeing stored. In this case, in-line data mining techniques may be usedas data traffic passes through, for example, a caching server or networkrouter. Further, the disclosed methods' stages may be modified in anymanner, including by reordering stages and/or inserting or deletingstages, without departing from the disclosure.

Furthermore, embodiments of the disclosure (including, but not limitedto transmitter, filters, amplifiers, and diplexers for example) may bepracticed in an electrical circuit comprising discrete electronicelements, packaged or integrated electronic chips containing logicgates, a circuit utilizing a microprocessor, or on a single chipcontaining electronic elements or microprocessors. Embodiments of thedisclosure may also be practiced using other technologies capable ofperforming logical operations such as, for example, AND, OR, and NOT,including but not limited to mechanical, optical, fluidic, and quantumtechnologies. In addition, embodiments of the disclosure may bepracticed within a general purpose computer or in any other circuits orsystems. With computer/software embodiments, the frequency bands may be“generated” by turning band segments on and off using, for example, afield-programmable gate array (FPGA) driving digital to analogconverters (DACs) instead of filters. Some or all of the filtering maybe implemented in the FPGA signal generators.

Embodiments of the disclosure may be practiced via a system-on-a-chip(SOC) where each or many of the components illustrated in FIG. 2, FIG.3, FIG. 4, and FIG. 5 may be integrated onto a single integratedcircuit. Such an SOC device may include one or more processing units,graphics units, communications units, system virtualization units andvarious application functionality all of which may be integrated (or“burned”) onto the chip substrate as a single integrated circuit. Whenoperating via an SOC, the functionality described herein with respect toembodiments of the disclosure, may be performed via application-specificlogic integrated with other components of a computing device on thesingle integrated circuit (chip).

Embodiments of the present disclosure, for example, are described abovewith reference to block diagrams and/or operational illustrations ofmethods, systems, and computer program products according to embodimentsof the disclosure. The functions/acts noted in the blocks may occur outof the order as shown in any flowchart. For example, two blocks shown insuccession may in fact be executed substantially concurrently or theblocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending uponthe functionality/acts involved.

While the specification includes examples, the disclosure's scope isindicated by the following claims. Furthermore, while the specificationhas been described in language specific to structural features and/ormethodological acts, the claims are not limited to the features or actsdescribed above. Rather, the specific features and acts described aboveare disclosed as example for embodiments of the disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus comprising: a first diplexer havinga first diplexer first port, a first diplexer second port, and a firstdiplexer third port, the first diplexer comprising; a first diplexerband-stop filter that attenuates signals with frequencies betweengreater than and equal to a first frequency and less than and equal to asecond frequency, the first diplexer band-stop filter being connectedbetween the first diplexer first port and the first diplexer secondport, and a first diplexer band-pass filter that passes signals withfrequencies between greater than and equal to a third frequency and lessthan and equal to a fourth frequency, the first diplexer band-passfilter being connected between the first diplexer first port and thefirst diplexer third port; a filter pair having a filter pair firstport, a filter pair second port, a filter pair third port, and a filterpair fourth port, the filter pair comprising; a filter pair band-stopfilter that attenuates signals with frequencies between greater than andequal to the first frequency and less than and equal to the secondfrequency, the filter pair band-stop filter being connected between thefilter pair first port and the filter pair second port, and a filterpair band-pass filter that passes signals with frequencies betweengreater than and equal to the third frequency and less than and equal tothe fourth frequency, the filter pair band-pass filter being connectedbetween the filter pair third port and the filter pair fourth port; anupstream reverse amplifier that amplifies signals from the firstdiplexer second port to the filter pair second port, the upstreamreverse amplifier connected between the first diplexer second port andthe filter pair second port; and a downstream Out-of-Band (OOB)amplifier that amplifies signals from the filter pair fourth port to thefirst diplexer third port, the downstream Out-of-Band (OOB) amplifierconnected between the filter pair fourth port and the first diplexerthird port.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a seconddiplexer having a second diplexer first port, a second diplexer secondport, and a second diplexer third port, the second diplexer comprising:a second diplexer low-pass filter that passes signals with frequenciesequal to and lower than a fifth frequency, the second diplexer low-passfilter being connected between the second diplexer first port and thesecond diplexer second port; and a second diplexer high-pass filter thatpasses signals with frequencies equal to and greater than a sixthfrequency, the second diplexer high-pass filter being connected betweenthe second diplexer first port and the second diplexer third port. 3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first diplexer first port isconnected to the second diplexer second port.
 4. The apparatus of claim2, wherein the second diplexer first port is connected to customerequipment.
 5. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising: a downstreamfiber receiver having a downstream fiber receiver first port and adownstream fiber receiver second port, the downstream fiber receiversecond port being connected to the filter pair third port; and adownstream forward amplifier that amplifies signals from the downstreamfiber receiver second port to the second diplexer third port, thedownstream forward amplifier being connected between the second diplexerthird port and the downstream fiber receiver second port.
 6. Theapparatus of claim 1, further comprising an upstream fiber transmitterhaving an upstream fiber transmitter first port and an upstream fibertransmitter second port, the upstream fiber transmitter second portbeing connected to the filter pair first port.
 7. The apparatus of claim6, wherein the upstream fiber transmitter first port is connected to aheadend.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a downstreamfiber receiver having a downstream fiber receiver first port and adownstream fiber receiver second port, the downstream fiber receiversecond port being connected to the filter pair third port.
 9. Theapparatus of claim 8, wherein the downstream fiber receiver first portis connected to a headend.